Where the numbers come from

Every figure on this site traces back to an official or clearly labelled source. This page lists what we draw on, at what level of detail, and under what licence — and links through to the tools already built on it.

Eurostat REST APINUTS 2 (region-equivalent) / NUTS 3 (province-equivalent), EU + UK + candidate countries

EU-wide regional data in one schema — population, life expectancy, GDP per capita, unemployment, at-risk-of-poverty rate and housing cost overburden live on the Europe map; inflation (HICP) and residence permits are catalogued but national-grain only, so may never become map layers (docs/data-sources.md §3.3, §12A).

Free · attribution
OECD SDMX APITL2 ≈ NUTS 2 region / TL3 ≈ NUTS 3 province, OECD members only (no Albania — not a member; France and the UK partial on several layers — see each layer's own coverage note)

Regional Statistics at TL2/TL3 (Eurostat NUTS-compatible for EU/EFTA countries, though several layers here found France and the UK coded at a coarser grain that doesn't match) — eight layers live on the Europe map from a systematic sweep of OECD's regional-statistics domains. The original 11-dimension "Regional Well-Being" composite this entry used to describe has been retired by OECD; it now publishes ~15 separate regional domains (economy, health, education, safety, etc.) instead. Better Life Index (the "How's Life" framework) is country-grain only, confirmed by its own dimension list — no subnational breakdown at all. Taxing Wages (tax-wedge by country) is also national-grain only.

Free
Open-MeteoAny lat/lon

Historical daily weather back to 1940 at any coordinate — sunshine duration, days above 30°C, rainfall days, winter minimums. Effectively comune-level climate.

Free non-commercial · paid tier ~€29/mo for commercial use
OpenStreetMap Overpass APIAny comune centroid

Amenity counts within a radius of any comune centroid — pharmacies, hospitals, GP surgeries, international schools, transit, gyms. The basis for "15-minute-town" scoring.

Free · ODbL, attribution + share-alike on derived databases
European Environment AgencyMonitoring station, EU-wide

Station-level PM2.5, PM10, NO₂ and ozone across Europe, downloadable programmatically. Mapped to comuni by nearest station.

Free
World Bank · WHO GHO · UNDP HDRCountry / region (UNDP)

Country-level coverage for destinations outside the EU, plus UNDP subnational HDI including Italian regions.

Free
dati.gov.it (CKAN API)Varies by dataset

The national open-data catalogue — a discovery layer for regional and municipal datasets, not a source in itself.

Free
DBnomicsVaries by provider

One unified API over Eurostat, OECD, World Bank, ISTAT and ~80 other providers — a shortcut to a single ingestion client instead of six.

Free
Italian relocation regimes (curated in-repo)Comune (~7,900), by rule

Tax regimes AND visa/citizenship eligibility rules, encoded as versioned rules rather than prose — eligibility criteria, thresholds and source legislation — so a rule can be joined against the comune data on this site and turned into a map of the towns it actually covers. Not every rule here is a tax break: elective residency, the digital nomad visa and citizenship by descent are eligibility questions, not discounts.

Our own curation · legislation cited per rule
MEF / Dipartimento delle FinanzeComune / region

Municipal and regional IRPEF surcharges and IMU property-tax rates, set independently by each of ~7,900 comuni. The basis for a real effective-tax-rate comparison by town.

Free · attribution
NSG-LEA & AGENAS PNERegion (NSG-LEA) / hospital (AGENAS)

Ministero della Salute regional healthcare-quality scores (prevention, district, hospital care) and AGENAS hospital-level outcome indicators — mortality, volumes, waiting times.

Free
ISTAT + Ministero dell’Interno — crimeProvince

Reported crime by province and offence type. The same underlying data behind Il Sole 24 Ore’s published crime index, rebuildable directly from source.

Free
Regional ARPA agenciesRegion-dependent

Finer-grained air, water and noise data than the EEA aggregate, region by region. Format and quality vary.

Free
Il Sole 24 Ore — Qualità della VitaProvince

90 indicators across 107 province, published annually — the ranking Italians treat as authoritative. Reference only.

Copyrighted · editorial citation only

What we curate ourselves

Tax regimes and immigration rules — the regime impatriati, the 7% flat tax for foreign pensioners in southern comuni, elective residency income thresholds, permesso di soggiorno pathways — don’t exist anywhere as structured data. No API publishes rules; only measurements.

So we encode them ourselves as versioned, sourced records: eligibility criteria, thresholds, qualifying comuni, effective dates, and the article of law each one comes from. Encoded as data rather than prose, a rule can be joined against the comune figures already on this site — which turns “towns under 30,000 residents in eight southern regions” into a map of the 2,424 places it actually means.

One is published so far — the 7% pensioner regime. The rest are named above because they’re what we’re working towards, not what’s built. Nothing here goes live until someone has checked it against the legislation, and each page says what it still doesn’t cover.

About the data →Full methodology and known caveats for every dataset above — extraction dates, population floors, percentile methodology, and what each source can and can’t tell you.Ask your AI assistant about Italy →All of this is also available to ChatGPT, Claude and any AI assistant that can look things up — how to connect one, and what to expect back.