{
  "schema": 1,
  "license": "Upstream data keeps its own license (see each entry); our curation and derived layers: CC BY-NC 4.0.",
  "note": "One CSV per layer; the slug carries the vintage, so a new vintage is a new file. An empty cell means the source has no figure for that place, never zero. `grain` says what each row is. Checksums are SHA-256 of the file bytes. Parquet is not published.",
  "files": [
    {
      "slug": "accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024",
      "label": "Tourist accommodation bed capacity (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/DWL/Servizi/DCSC Capacity of tourist accommodation municipal.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-29",
      "unit": "beds",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7513,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "68bada4ec383bc0f466f26f81595b4998107785e6557f8015ba5129c905eb21b",
        "bytes": 130522
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "4189ebf89a610f424662464eec22e1069b09521f08fa4bd2e167b6a5941b3fdb",
        "bytes": 1990
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024",
      "label": "Tourist beds per resident (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/DWL/Servizi/DCSC Capacity of tourist accommodation municipal.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-29",
      "unit": "beds_per_resident",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7513,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "1dd6df0ed619caf9201c219671d678876400a924ff975c4f9e38d399890d3e8b",
        "bytes": 146182
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c4527e1d23fdda110fcdf7928c210ae33aff1854c2d4f9f3ffb74e0ee0fc3fef",
        "bytes": 1950
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024",
      "label": "Hotel share of tourist accommodation (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/DWL/Servizi/DCSC Capacity of tourist accommodation municipal.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-29",
      "unit": "share_0_1",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 6676,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "393587a6001efe8145fad334b8064600103824bc47627933ff3cf6ac50311403",
        "bytes": 121268
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "419b5f1400faa5b25d9bdd5f2584f861f075bf92a466e31754aa37c1b164f3d1",
        "bytes": 2732
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026",
      "label": "Fibre to the home (FTTH) availability, by comune (Q3 2026)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "AGCOM — Broadband Map (fixed network)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://geo3.agcom.it/opendata",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-16",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution (credit line and portal address required)",
      "rows": 7881,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "12587a66a9ed28f2970b3ff4d09e9fc3f52d2a3cad35734946f0aa91edfa96fa",
        "bytes": 147270
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "b8254004f89ffa1c72a35bf89e965cf99551862e7289d72eef33bdd2328a3004",
        "bytes": 2442
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/agcom-ftth-share-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "age-median-2019",
      "label": "Median age (2019)",
      "vintage": "2019",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://demo.istat.it/data/ricostruzione/PopolazioneEta-SingolaArea-Comuni.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "years",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7893,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "age-median-2019.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-median-2019.csv",
        "sha256": "1b9a703fcf86229ed627ece93542a3ba68e8ea661bb685f1a91642899eb89459",
        "bytes": 134196
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "age-median-2019.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-median-2019.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "e468b43e91d1bec5dcceade457dc9310d46818d4846ebfb77ab2080338b99530",
        "bytes": 901
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/age-median-2019.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "age-structure-2019",
      "label": "Median age and indice di vecchiaia (2019)",
      "vintage": "2019",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://demo.istat.it/data/ricostruzione/PopolazioneEta-SingolaArea-Comuni.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "years_and_ratio",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7893,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "medianAge",
        "ageingIndex"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "age-structure-2019.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-structure-2019.csv",
        "sha256": "e7dae2e940759ef93fc7cd55900d05350747abd804b638742e4aeb9b4094057e",
        "bytes": 179326
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "age-structure-2019.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-structure-2019.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "314d1f8d28a6f932488abd444aa49151db494d6fb599c9516dbf0a1714de19dd",
        "bytes": 1042
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/age-structure-2019.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "age-vecchiaia-2019",
      "label": "Indice di vecchiaia (2019)",
      "vintage": "2019",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://demo.istat.it/data/ricostruzione/PopolazioneEta-SingolaArea-Comuni.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "index",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "age-vecchiaia-2019.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-vecchiaia-2019.csv",
        "sha256": "e405ad97f7dcea8ff2bfd7fdaace7ed1ee687ab915a6e496821a0b8961c3a93c",
        "bytes": 155616
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "age-vecchiaia-2019.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/age-vecchiaia-2019.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "e1224c59eee943331321702adfe5053842f2684f0639c725bbfc1f207cb38e7c",
        "bytes": 813
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/age-vecchiaia-2019.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "air-quality-pm10-province-2024",
      "label": "Air quality: PM10 by province (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "EEA",
      "sourceUrl": "https://eeadmz1-downloads-api-appservice.azurewebsites.net",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "ug_m3",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 89,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "air-quality-pm10-province-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/air-quality-pm10-province-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "815eb48a9cc150349f5bea7cb6c98903a3e6cd0b54500c91710598bff5733d79",
        "bytes": 1510
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "air-quality-pm10-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/air-quality-pm10-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "56769bd8dd9e7e470163f166d213b4d5afa0fe7a9dab7f43eaef35c7024f3e45",
        "bytes": 1592
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/air-quality-pm10-province-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "air-quality-pm25-province-2024",
      "label": "Air quality: PM2.5 by province (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "EEA",
      "sourceUrl": "https://eeadmz1-downloads-api-appservice.azurewebsites.net",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "ug_m3",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 85,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "air-quality-pm25-province-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/air-quality-pm25-province-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "86c3b4d7133f0a42ed91f175940c5648a85e6d3922ab8c65bb90a3f3e08a5dbe",
        "bytes": 1424
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "air-quality-pm25-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/air-quality-pm25-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "e3ef9616da42c355ae3b0697990c89cfebbc7136e19ae3b5b6add2ac9278cf39",
        "bytes": 1610
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/air-quality-pm25-province-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "bes-indicators-2024",
      "label": "Well-being (BES) — map layer",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Bes_at_local_level_annual_update_2025.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-08-19",
      "unit": "percentile",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 106,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "04BEC001P",
        "04BEC002P",
        "04BEC005P",
        "04BEC006P",
        "04BEC009P",
        "02IST001",
        "02IST002-N22",
        "02IST003P-N22",
        "02IST004",
        "02IST006-N22",
        "02IST007-N22",
        "02IST010P",
        "02IST011P",
        "12SER002",
        "10AMB001P",
        "10AMB002P",
        "10AMB003",
        "10AMB008",
        "10AMB011",
        "10AMB012",
        "10AMB014",
        "10AMB016",
        "10AMB017",
        "10AMB018P",
        "10AMB024P",
        "01SAL001",
        "01SAL004",
        "01SAL005",
        "01SAL006",
        "01SAL007",
        "01SAL020",
        "11RIC002",
        "11RIC004P",
        "11RIC022",
        "11RIC025",
        "09PAE002",
        "09PAE008",
        "09PAE009-N25",
        "06POL001",
        "06POL001P",
        "06POL002P",
        "06POL003P",
        "06POL007P",
        "06POL009P",
        "06POL012P",
        "12SER002P",
        "12SER003P-N25",
        "12SER007",
        "12SER008",
        "12SER020",
        "12SER022",
        "12SER024",
        "12SER025",
        "07SIC001P",
        "07SIC004P",
        "07SIC005P",
        "07SIC006P",
        "07SIC007P",
        "07SIC008P",
        "05REL007P",
        "05REL008",
        "03LAV001-N22",
        "03LAV002-N22",
        "03LAV003P-N22",
        "03LAV004P",
        "03LAV006P-N22",
        "03LAV007"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "bes-indicators-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/bes-indicators-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "eac3fa5259e93a2fd5b1075136287c975a6e2213bf1c1643763796e1915e3cb1",
        "bytes": 35086
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "bes-indicators-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/bes-indicators-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "804e4369462f9a477fd3be432f0e97a50e161cfd4b8e08723f2fd3a122e25da7",
        "bytes": 2137
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/bes-indicators-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "citizenship-acquisitions-2024",
      "label": "Citizenship acquisitions (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 100,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "citizenship-acquisitions-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/citizenship-acquisitions-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "77f7edefb69b3025aa3f3292631d703a103ba96a873549629aee52134795dc55",
        "bytes": 1673
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "citizenship-acquisitions-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/citizenship-acquisitions-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "63775dcbb3705766252148da0236dc49224dd5fb080ac4563d45ff78f0799746",
        "bytes": 873
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/citizenship-acquisitions-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "crime-burglary-rate-province-2024",
      "label": "Home burglary rate, by province (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "ISTAT — crime and public safety",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "per_100k",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 106,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "d57748ee6e7f49ea94b41472e27f065bcdd92563634cf372c972f1f4789358d9",
        "bytes": 1894
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "99ff79baf0689be17d2162994e5aebffb67888ffa6c7c83835cfc096518ade93",
        "bytes": 1593
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "crime-rate-province-2024",
      "label": "Reported crime rate, by province (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "ISTAT — crime and public safety",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "per_100k",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 106,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "crime-rate-province-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/crime-rate-province-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "dbed05a9bd310ef003d168dfda081d5aa827c31163c314e5f7ed50d7bf0ec884",
        "bytes": 2011
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "crime-rate-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/crime-rate-province-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "f8cd053724e22ec4b2311a41f9265f2c2273e55ffe0b62a0e56a96c5c4b5de73",
        "bytes": 1455
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/crime-rate-province-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest airport with passenger traffic, by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ENAC — airport traffic (positions: OurAirports; roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.enac.gov.it/pubblicazioni/dati-di-traffico-2025/",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-22",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "Credited as published (ENAC, Dati di traffico 2025); derived files with OpenStreetMap roads are ODbL",
      "rows": 7868,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "361d01fefe4f6663f4377390d54502b3be84aa4359a11c655c115ebf627a4263",
        "bytes": 133896
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "13702c4cd49315663ed1db232b8914b93e1175e4e926f9660ae139edacc323a9",
        "bytes": 3324
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-airport-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest DEA (level I or II) emergency department, by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute — hospital emergency network 2025 (roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/it/banche-dati/elenco-strutture-della-rete-dellemergenza-ospedaliera/",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-27",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "Credited as published (Dati Ministero della Salute, Elenco strutture della rete dell'emergenza ospedaliera, 2025); derived files with OpenStreetMap positions and roads are ODbL",
      "rows": 7859,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "a33f06df65c49ec0771db7081755e75b3064806863a6680659f930c9f95993f6",
        "bytes": 132554
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "2aacad8ec865bb8470eb2ed27f5dc476920693d1c85a7c2baee0c4208c48c109",
        "bytes": 4751
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-dea-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest emergency department, by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute — hospital emergency network 2025 (roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/it/banche-dati/elenco-strutture-della-rete-dellemergenza-ospedaliera/",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-27",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "Credited as published (Dati Ministero della Salute, Elenco strutture della rete dell'emergenza ospedaliera, 2025); derived files with OpenStreetMap positions and roads are ODbL",
      "rows": 7878,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "bc58855b831d3d796b78e269e6db6167215f2492e9ab1246f1bd0e0827f38c5a",
        "bytes": 132130
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "d00f99d9033402c1faf1e1ca8c97a3ebc2c8b16eda9f04e7d1f2c85b0e2d6a18",
        "bytes": 4472
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-emergency-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest hospital with inpatient beds, by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute — hospital beds (roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.dati.salute.gov.it/",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-22",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "IODL 2.0 · attribution (Dati Ministero della Salute); derived files with OpenStreetMap positions are ODbL",
      "rows": 7878,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "280dea8d9581e29a20a7cf4cf6b305882bc272047243acf4b52ff31cb1118017",
        "bytes": 131733
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "70ab43d7f21a9cd755b3f162c7e8c8d185ebfe491bf252df8afeced1e009a4d9",
        "bytes": 3328
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-hospital-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest pharmacy, by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute — pharmacies (roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.dati.salute.gov.it/it/dataset/farmacie",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-27",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "IODL 2.0 · attribution (Dati Ministero della Salute); derived files with OpenStreetMap positions and roads are ODbL",
      "rows": 7890,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "99ac03d98bba2cf8dc1219def7d67db8a28373082c2137418b96b4e4c2905e96",
        "bytes": 126603
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "5bf8779aba4e01546930c8f393dae3764687383bbb304ccf6568836dc7a05f8b",
        "bytes": 3612
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-pharmacy-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest railway station with passenger service (OpenStreetMap), by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "OpenStreetMap contributors — railway stations with passenger service",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-27",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "Free · ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors; derived files carry the same license",
      "rows": 7859,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "84b6eaf90720096129629841b5b9c3cfe515644df06660b08b8189acddfdf06f",
        "bytes": 129381
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "b822d2a09c20cc505bbc437be360e320634da90506cc84f07e41eed626869cbe",
        "bytes": 3629
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-station-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026",
      "label": "Drive time to the nearest supermarket (OpenStreetMap), by comune (minutes)",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "OpenStreetMap contributors — supermarkets (roads: OpenStreetMap contributors)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-27",
      "unit": "minutes_by_road",
      "license": "Free · ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors; derived files carry the same license",
      "rows": 7887,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026.csv",
        "sha256": "24a6ec3dea8a31239b3564efb29ed27ba79cefdff6e6a7d589d8991f42ef664f",
        "bytes": 127466
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "f2ee94343881e7e433208b1311a260e2ecaa13124fcd873e0611387d39b0b5a1",
        "bytes": 3356
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/distance-supermarket-drive-minutes-comune-2026.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average annual days above 30C (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-22",
      "unit": "days_per_year",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "c4992d9775e1aba68b54875dbc8a9485deb99ee300c72b7160d7920e31504973",
        "bytes": 145331
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "4a745fc44fee52187a82f3bd3eae0fc724e00a570503a62e8cbf96d57659ba6a",
        "bytes": 2157
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average annual days above 30C (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "days_per_year",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 335,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "ec3e6298ea6d91357038782316160da16998cc363ef8104f73bdcdb907efcc76",
        "bytes": 5069
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "1aa46dd46bbcfdfe1520f79c20933e4d143822e4a40c7657b2edc4981548373e",
        "bytes": 1905
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-heat-days-nuts2-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average annual rainfall (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-28",
      "unit": "mm_per_year",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "5cfaf7325ff45fe5c43bcea246a8cc9f9a832cd106b95bd9b628838b53dc0ba5",
        "bytes": 161128
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "9ad15568ba4c9eb1371da124be331419b9e0d3cb036a5fa1d71fdcac5a3a02fc",
        "bytes": 2871
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average annual days with measurable rain (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-28",
      "unit": "days_per_year",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "328c44478f01738789565f63265444f45b2aa8bd7aabe6b62a4247f7f423104e",
        "bytes": 155285
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "dc02041e6046a0a3398b488fdc9e9b950311d6b388419321e0f6eaafb310be47",
        "bytes": 2111
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average July daily maximum temperature (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-22",
      "unit": "celsius",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "1a7e774238c30f2b36685f530cd5740f6d2798c617ab74344e36fb86aec0c39b",
        "bytes": 148437
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "eea144150a007266f608afd48a44b9ad61ccda0940478f9513f6ea61bc01480f",
        "bytes": 2152
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average July daily maximum temperature (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "celsius",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 335,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "6eddb9014a0e9f4b9014ec4a3271cdb08faff0d59c60481bbffbeafe9413a8e6",
        "bytes": 5294
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "404e023c104030dd31200115e7cd90149b70652e2f256406c261ee1a39ae4036",
        "bytes": 1821
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-summer-high-nuts2-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average January daily minimum temperature (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-22",
      "unit": "celsius",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 7892,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "40885f1165bd21b1f43eef896a070ee7a3245bdf026446efe052d5cbaaa2b45e",
        "bytes": 144275
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "864af339661c8ba9fe7d6d7536b9e847081123a3463db99180c31f52c1410fb9",
        "bytes": 2051
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024",
      "label": "Average January daily minimum temperature (2015-2024)",
      "vintage": "2015–2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-era5-land-daily-statistics",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "celsius",
      "license": "Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution",
      "rows": 335,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "8eef8b582d2b2f71e4524337fdfa0351837dc4384081f42b2ffd1fe9ce3089e1",
        "bytes": 5152
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "74fa4d61b0cc6fd1904760902172089813c5449b78ff939fb790b0aeb13f7e51",
        "bytes": 1827
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-winter-low-nuts2-2015-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025",
      "label": "Foreign-born share of the working-age population, by NUTS 2 region (2025)",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/lfst_r_lfsd2pwc",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-15",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 258,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "ac63adac1142758fc00b75dfe0491c09c73cb5422026adb628a80d1ba66d6c95",
        "bytes": 4267
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c15038368e103f0540b4f7c9e352e127bc62a0f8e755f3e01677e1a5cbca1f32",
        "bytes": 2535
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-foreign-born-nuts2-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023",
      "label": "GDP per capita, by NUTS 3 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts3",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/nama_10r_3gdp",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "eur_per_capita",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 1244,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "f3e3fc32c1249c0bad4d11e735dc5d4b6e23f12ce6ebbcc5fd3f8b0a779e3471",
        "bytes": 22316
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "4578af7acac9d53ff5a63731d2b5b6f629e20cd4be15a77a394672b2b1370744",
        "bytes": 1702
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-gdp-nuts3-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024",
      "label": "Housing cost overburden rate, by NUTS 2 region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/ilc_lvho07_r",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 212,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "dfbeef6e4da49466c1b3e7205f6c68e47126a4d614263b59d8f0c8c2129abd9c",
        "bytes": 3219
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "31fc38973f5326a85bff1f42fa99c9cde1f5ac1941602aeac9ac743a4620addd",
        "bytes": 1532
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-housing-cost-nuts2-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023",
      "label": "Life expectancy at birth, by NUTS 2 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/demo_r_mlifexp",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "years",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 284,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "e43a5ea331c3fa1cf37d5821017c9c826c7b7895ba3d690ae7d38ad4d914cf21",
        "bytes": 4503
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "5c51d1bdabee27bfd1489f929439a542b990ff886b5a594df91a2579ba173167",
        "bytes": 1460
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-life-expectancy-nuts2-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-population-nuts3-2023",
      "label": "Population, by NUTS 3 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts3",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/demo_r_pjanaggr3",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 1347,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-population-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-population-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "e1f73e85bb9cdcc9f43711ffa5bd83703ed7a53ff43c7190efadeef542a14262",
        "bytes": 25526
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-population-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-population-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c2b2c24bdfe07c53b96512aa6739f409166c993f553ec6c600b8ca3e7a87ccf9",
        "bytes": 1359
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-population-nuts3-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024",
      "label": "At-risk-of-poverty rate, by NUTS 2 region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/ilc_li41",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 255,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "7be9da54dc938eac56fd2b869c073903fd33313d9efe825efcdeae789a990bf3",
        "bytes": 4001
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "28056b5e16b9eb39befc6fbee04edb2ec37b703435251abd73d169136c12d3f0",
        "bytes": 1516
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-poverty-nuts2-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025",
      "label": "Unemployment rate, by NUTS 2 region (2025)",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "Eurostat",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 280,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "e4ee4db8d67c58cc846ba370605fa91f113ff851051da43ecc414fa5932361ef",
        "bytes": 4168
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "51bb15835c45b060fe5aeb8f4d89a01cb058e5a944bace6582820e0bbee06b2e",
        "bytes": 1974
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/eurostat-unemployment-nuts2-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "foreign-registrations-flow-2025",
      "label": "New foreign registrations from abroad",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7894,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "flow"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "foreign-registrations-flow-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-registrations-flow-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "cb08255fd21de06fed5c6ad9966c15b9cd2e65150b58a50b8d57b7ad64249868",
        "bytes": 131422
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "foreign-registrations-flow-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-registrations-flow-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "956181d43717f825292c51880bd7e083146fa5022bba059d6c27fc92d8c03b40",
        "bytes": 871
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-registrations-flow-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "foreign-residents-birthplace-2024",
      "label": "Residents by country-of-birth group",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7894,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "origin"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-birthplace-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-birthplace-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "f35b9dd14cacf9f86f9cc613091a594eadc559b61a11da914c36124e83c71edb",
        "bytes": 118426
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-birthplace-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-birthplace-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "1965485eac67319e5baf7b9cd4a7100012f4b4b70c7c9c325e180f5eabf93ac5",
        "bytes": 993
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-residents-birthplace-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "foreign-residents-citizenship-2025",
      "label": "Foreign residents by citizenship",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7848,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "nationality"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-citizenship-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-citizenship-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "926608ae44c55af7b9801e697dea9474faac3b850bc0f0c2dad35cc610d4b26c",
        "bytes": 117741
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-citizenship-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-citizenship-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c1b2106226152104c02a1b3d9c070fea768c72f146b2726ae731a587da3de55d",
        "bytes": 766
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-residents-citizenship-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "foreign-residents-total-2025",
      "label": "Foreign residents, all citizenships",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7874,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "total"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-total-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-total-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "f24e61d4ff843f72837f764f920064b327fe65048df58dd34593350a927467ae",
        "bytes": 139153
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "foreign-residents-total-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/foreign-residents-total-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "2afd52ac9e25b2148be24835ec483fe4f26d2933ce4645145345016ddc92d22c",
        "bytes": 886
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-residents-total-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "healthcare-quality-district-region-2024",
      "label": "Healthcare quality: community & district care by region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "region",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/sites/default/files/sintesi_CORE_NSG_2024.pdf",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "points",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 21,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "a4007771f8f5ac8f6d39ff519172268bc2a8154a6aeae12209f9eb7887a8c861",
        "bytes": 454
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c37b99f71914a3400ce5e4052a915e68cec759c598a666b23cffe63ceb9b99da",
        "bytes": 2040
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024",
      "label": "Healthcare quality: hospital care by region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "region",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/sites/default/files/sintesi_CORE_NSG_2024.pdf",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "points",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 21,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "9180225d19eafd1a2b57feed49356112ce01fbba1e88f5ced5db8778bd5a6236",
        "bytes": 454
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "f5a84b42fcc8c21da7aa61114d9a0f29414e0a0bfcd65e9280968738a986463d",
        "bytes": 2015
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024",
      "label": "Healthcare quality: prevention by region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "region",
      "source": "Ministero della Salute",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/sites/default/files/sintesi_CORE_NSG_2024.pdf",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-25",
      "unit": "points",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 21,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "15b7459a1e82f8f0a0adfd7fe378b7a24487077ded6746b05f28132e1fb94299",
        "bytes": 454
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "210a6f76c7adc34896d8a1aa3082dd2bc49e07c53935fafe7c730e8034dd1c1b",
        "bytes": 2031
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "momentum-2019-2025",
      "label": "Change in foreign share (2019–2025)",
      "vintage": "2019–2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "pct_point_change",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7829,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "momentum-2019-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/momentum-2019-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "e0f4cb238488ceef69d7edc0e7e99def24c4fdf0f01cc412d0aa279bfd1de5b8",
        "bytes": 158259
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "momentum-2019-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/momentum-2019-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "b835f203c5bc5948c6b938d02bb0aa241ad8ff6c4433b6c73b7892daecda0e83",
        "bytes": 1106
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/momentum-2019-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021",
      "label": "Disposable household income per capita, by NUTS 2 region (2021)",
      "vintage": "2021",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_ECO%40DF_INC",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "usd_ppp_per_capita",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 205,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021.csv",
        "sha256": "fd6b175ad636de226dd16f6fb10956957d438fd4bd324e3c76f9ec896ff28730",
        "bytes": 3852
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "9c24f0560512447cbec0c96a5a37faa721e8b8c2577f4fdcc1ec1fec59ffeb97",
        "bytes": 1899
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-disposable-income-nuts2-2021.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019",
      "label": "Foreign-born population share, by NUTS 2 region (2019)",
      "vintage": "2019",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_MIGRANT%40DF_MIGR_STOCK",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 176,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019.csv",
        "sha256": "261e2c8056185c7ba0543997ec43e8b837052729a72b9d910c19c86a114f063d",
        "bytes": 2711
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "497d4854682e806e24a824ae7dac4f2b3fcae622c4f364139e7b225925bcbda5",
        "bytes": 1884
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-foreign-born-share-nuts2-2019.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023",
      "label": "Intentional homicide rate, by NUTS 3 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts3",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_SOC%40DF_SAFETY",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "per_100k",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 1242,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "3c2ede680369bdad6bf71c397e40da653a6eecb3f829a5ff35716e494f9b39de",
        "bytes": 19193
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "c88c6dfa511bfcaf65ab721a5ec850d32cb25159ad4631672cbc212cff33423d",
        "bytes": 1847
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-homicide-nuts3-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022",
      "label": "Old-age dependency ratio, by NUTS 3 region (2022)",
      "vintage": "2022",
      "grain": "nuts3",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_DEMO%40DF_DEPEND",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 1403,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022.csv",
        "sha256": "b4cab7f5d83399a62f4fc3652852a8089e57d3164249660e8e00349e5f1d684e",
        "bytes": 25060
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "2e43dd855f47575a2c72f0300e5f1dc9120012bf142df79793fc2910981a5642",
        "bytes": 1817
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-old-age-dependency-nuts3-2022.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023",
      "label": "Active physicians per 1,000 population, by NUTS 2 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_HEALTH%40DF_CARE",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "per_1000",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 198,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "7f10eb135b94ae2b9829b525ee9883eafa8a017a64401bcbd48cc393818da233",
        "bytes": 3158
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "9b6fe72803401fdffa41e5df870d96e1a8fc25a3b8507fef4cb58acb428e3793",
        "bytes": 2066
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-physicians-nuts2-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021",
      "label": "Rooms per person, by NUTS 2 region (2021)",
      "vintage": "2021",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_SOC%40DF_HOUSING",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "rooms_per_person",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 208,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021.csv",
        "sha256": "5cee166dc9f84737d187acc0350fbadbb39fac8b77cb9837b9336505d6a2a392",
        "bytes": 3294
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "5f4f985690cf6bea2bf3ea00b6ef71f96b59fbc82765feb010c89778f72a7b6a",
        "bytes": 1828
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-rooms-per-person-nuts2-2021.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024",
      "label": "Tertiary education attainment, by NUTS 2 region (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "nuts2",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_EDU%40DF_ATTAIN",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 211,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "dbac35dcc42f0d8e60fbf1f4b574e8d3c100d16c60315e5f7b2a4422063ab248",
        "bytes": 3374
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "5ed598a0859748b676e5d77e130bd5491bc5b268287c90e845d5451c8883851a",
        "bytes": 1464
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-tertiary-education-nuts2-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023",
      "label": "Vehicle theft rate, by NUTS 3 region (2023)",
      "vintage": "2023",
      "grain": "nuts3",
      "source": "OECD",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_REG_SOC%40DF_SAFETY",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "per_100k",
      "license": "Free to use · no blanket license — OECD's Data terms point to each dataset's own metadata for restrictions",
      "rows": 1259,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023.csv",
        "sha256": "f45d5b815a7808fbb741fe26f32f92b953c74579b08126ddfe9d458aabc75a14",
        "bytes": 21144
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "0118f34b2be5a4e9a2bb554948c7eda465d9dbd9e49dc5c8f16ab1c2f87a51b3",
        "bytes": 1581
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/oecd-vehicle-theft-nuts3-2023.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "House vs apartment price by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "multiple",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 6064,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "2f34efd4c2ceaab26bd681598b8ec677a9dc643361210276f33b893e0a6bb393",
        "bytes": 119538
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "212b08b4299731fc8d61a39d5c2b24d6ea611372828cfc9478999d01d5d8f4df",
        "bytes": 1314
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "Detached house purchase price by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "eur_per_m2",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 6333,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "d4d23823045feab902bba503e79e247c4b6f0d72d60abde87ed1ff5b58df8158",
        "bytes": 121989
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "d96e29524e999ac7acf26cdfbd2a6c34565aefe272371029ecc237811b6b6bb3",
        "bytes": 1260
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-price-to-rent-2025h2",
      "label": "Years of rent to equal the purchase price by province (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "years",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 110,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "43f7864799c49b6b63119379c42b5b8d78555f3fbf7335e6e22288895e62effd",
        "bytes": 1857
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "b91e372723f0b695da6b15237d4e8178bc500fc73142839efd2144d36b28e944",
        "bytes": 1488
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "Years of rent to equal the purchase price by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "years",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 7099,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "f8ee2b8d15675ff8509d3ce0258e606a9e8b10e6f62a15059f596cca69a27e94",
        "bytes": 133366
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "701ad992273b159371059bafe8f585ab9e343682055dc947252e78e8508c7552",
        "bytes": 1217
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-price-to-rent-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-purchase-2025h2",
      "label": "Property purchase price by province (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "eur_per_m2",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 110,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-purchase-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-purchase-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "5ffe5860ac4fd1ac4fdcfa316611c0c724228fb62b24b3d578dbda9b36c0e028",
        "bytes": 2053
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-purchase-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-purchase-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "5a9a6a030214a5dfaa909f9ca20ab30def2da766dbe016769828c56c0c15a2ef",
        "bytes": 1106
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-purchase-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-purchase-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "Property purchase price by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "eur_per_m2",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 7596,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-purchase-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-purchase-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "41742a8ba0c5ebac77be88f093b50d7d5257fdb33713e8cd6ae97fb6d7701836",
        "bytes": 146254
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-purchase-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-purchase-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "213143f56c6e534515b894347d16e890620887fc7a9fdda3099a62806b6ca393",
        "bytes": 1091
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-purchase-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "Premium for refurbished housing by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "multiple",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 2131,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "72eee1914799051a3545d46a0012a1bc396ecd50ce2ba2983f084694501a6db6",
        "bytes": 42366
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "2b4eb62e87ad9a7f2dd3ae0f38bdf824a792f51a46bec23688cc71da13ab9ae2",
        "bytes": 1500
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-rent-2025h2",
      "label": "Property rent by province (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "eur_per_m2_month",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 110,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-rent-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-rent-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "b15e8a3dd022759ec9e9d001e956f0713a4b0028394c86d4262c66981d5eb882",
        "bytes": 1874
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-rent-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-rent-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "9f915dbdec764f71165370a12150112af1cbc49665ae36499be120be34a0b7f0",
        "bytes": 1090
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-rent-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "omi-rent-comune-2025h2",
      "label": "Property rent by comune (2025H2)",
      "vintage": "2025H2",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/fabbricatiterreni/omi/banche-dati/quotazioni-immobiliari",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-12",
      "unit": "eur_per_m2_month",
      "license": "Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)",
      "rows": 7099,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "omi-rent-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-rent-comune-2025h2.csv",
        "sha256": "66dff1791fe49af88afa98082713893d55242808dc229a77e57b961b3548bbca",
        "bytes": 132177
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "omi-rent-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/omi-rent-comune-2025h2.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "eb2f2b2b8e7dbd987ad895933b7d02bc8752ab87afb48feec4aeec5c8cf4428a",
        "bytes": 1075
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-rent-comune-2025h2.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "population-trend-2019-2025",
      "label": "Population change (2019–2025)",
      "vintage": "2019–2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/SDMXWS/rest",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-13",
      "unit": "pct_change",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 7893,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "pctChange"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "population-trend-2019-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/population-trend-2019-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "0b8ebc8ad6082e792eba1d7c06d0c5efcd92d676c5ba2e087244b01c1debc5fd",
        "bytes": 155364
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "population-trend-2019-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/population-trend-2019-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "eb2da94961dde5703b5f434d5958817fddb1d59323699c75069ef4549ce0dd31",
        "bytes": 875
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/population-trend-2019-2025.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "regime-7-percent-pensioners",
      "label": "7% pensioner regime — qualifying comuni",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Expat Living Italy — rule applied to ISTAT population",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.brocardi.it/testo-unico-imposte-redditi/titolo-i/capo-i/art24ter.html",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "count",
      "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0 · attribution, non-commercial (commercial use by agreement)",
      "rows": 2535,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "regime-7-percent-pensioners.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/regime-7-percent-pensioners.csv",
        "sha256": "3077674970c7e3f667a8d584af14fff2e94853cd92a9a8f3dc543554726dadc5",
        "bytes": 47834
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "regime-7-percent-pensioners.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/regime-7-percent-pensioners.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "3f5b51680e75b7f03ca764e9189a50ae2ac527ad635192b69def37d1f5432b29",
        "bytes": 1369
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/regime-7-percent-pensioners.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share",
      "label": "7% pensioner regime — population share by province",
      "vintage": "2026",
      "grain": "province",
      "source": "Expat Living Italy — rule applied to ISTAT population",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.brocardi.it/testo-unico-imposte-redditi/titolo-i/capo-i/art24ter.html",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
      "unit": "percent",
      "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0 · attribution, non-commercial (commercial use by agreement)",
      "rows": 110,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share.csv",
        "sha256": "38c145469254c6826c2c6d26660d8b9e418f4d36a94f2200879b13c5b9067ae6",
        "bytes": 1683
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "1594497d826ec48ba775033da79460745cd954b863b4849ff3c5a8e45b1281e9",
        "bytes": 1452
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/regime-7-percent-pensioners-province-share.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "seasonality-index-comune-2024",
      "label": "Tourism seasonality index (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT — tourist accommodation flow",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/DWL/Servizi/DCSC_Occupancy_in_collective_accommodation.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-28",
      "unit": "index_0_1",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 2402,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "seasonality-index-comune-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seasonality-index-comune-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "d4bbff587e0d096e618da0b0924046b0940079e1f216b428321c20cd758eda25",
        "bytes": 47663
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "seasonality-index-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seasonality-index-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "996111807756772b582c59b13fa8b7773244b94b877617637dbbfb0e474247d7",
        "bytes": 2346
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/seasonality-index-comune-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024",
      "label": "Peak-month visitors per resident (2024)",
      "vintage": "2024",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "ISTAT — tourist accommodation flow",
      "sourceUrl": "https://esploradati.istat.it/databrowser/DWL/Servizi/DCSC_Occupancy_in_collective_accommodation.zip",
      "extractedOn": "2026-09-28",
      "unit": "ratio_to_population",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution",
      "rows": 2402,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.csv",
        "sha256": "2a3db0b9f0b7ceb7fa0553afc8b5991b9cb8f1f350d363d6212fe7d3c43d88ad",
        "bytes": 47818
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "feef45c6c37718573bed0e4a04504173d62a1bd96b2542e89778beef1c9c5b1d",
        "bytes": 2655
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.json"
    },
    {
      "slug": "seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025",
      "label": "Seismic hazard class, by comune (2025)",
      "vintage": "2025",
      "grain": "comune",
      "source": "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile — seismic classification",
      "sourceUrl": "https://rischi.protezionecivile.gov.it/it/sismico/attivita/classificazione-sismica/",
      "extractedOn": "2026-10-15",
      "unit": "hazard_class_1_lowest_4_highest",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0 · attribution (credit line required)",
      "rows": 7891,
      "columns": [
        "id",
        "grain",
        "value"
      ],
      "csv": {
        "path": "seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025.csv",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025.csv",
        "sha256": "e263b71f7b67a8b2e368a9f01ce910bcbfa9d406a9d3494d6abfd28a520b91d5",
        "bytes": 126271
      },
      "provenance": {
        "path": "seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025.provenance.json",
        "url": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/snapshots/seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025.provenance.json",
        "sha256": "9d52f51ce0fc9aedbd8273c8df48fc691aab105dff65079c078a680b5ee1bd56",
        "bytes": 2424
      },
      "json": "https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/seismic-hazard-class-comune-2025.json"
    }
  ]
}
