{"place":{"istatCode":"033004","slug":"bettola","name":"Bettola","province":"Piacenza","provinceCode":"PC","provinceSlug":"piacenza","region":"Emilia-Romagna","regionSlug":"emilia-romagna","lat":44.778543,"lng":9.596582,"page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/comune/bettola?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral"},"population":{"value":2625,"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"foreignResidentsByCitizenship":{"value":{"AL":25,"AR":1,"AT":1,"AU":0,"BE":0,"BG":0,"BR":2,"CA":0,"CH":0,"CY":0,"CZ":0,"DE":1,"DK":0,"EE":0,"ES":0,"FI":0,"FR":6,"GB":4,"GR":0,"HR":0,"HU":2,"IE":0,"JP":0,"KR":0,"LT":0,"LU":0,"LV":0,"MT":0,"MX":0,"NL":1,"NO":0,"PL":0,"PT":0,"RO":30,"RU":4,"SE":0,"SI":0,"SK":0,"UA":85,"US":0,"VE":0},"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"totalForeignResidents":162,"foreignResidentsAllCitizenships":{"value":224,"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"purchasePriceEurM2":{"value":732.5,"unit":"EUR/m2","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":7596,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"rentPriceEurM2Month":{"value":2.48,"unit":"EUR/m2/month","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":7099,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"priceToRentYears":{"value":24.6,"unit":"years","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":7099,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"taxRegimeEligibility":[],"provinceRollup":{"name":"Piacenza","code":"PC","slug":"piacenza","purchasePriceEurM2":{"value":951.9,"unit":"EUR/m2","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"},"rentPriceEurM2Month":{"value":3.64,"unit":"EUR/m2/month","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution"}},"layers":[{"slug":"air-quality-pm10-province-2024","label":"Air quality: PM10 by province (2024)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":22.3,"unit":"ug_m3","source":"EEA","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":89,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/air-quality-pm10-province?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/air-quality-pm10-province-2024.json","note":"89/110 provinces have at least one EEA monitoring station within their territory (matched by nearest comune to each station's coordinates). No station-derived value for: AN, AP, AV, BA, BN, BR, BT, BZ, FG, FM, IM, KR, LE, MC, MT, OG, PU, SP, TA, VS, VV — absent, not estimated from a neighbouring province."},{"slug":"air-quality-pm25-province-2024","label":"Air quality: PM2.5 by province (2024)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":15.8,"unit":"ug_m3","source":"EEA","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":85,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/air-quality-pm25-province?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/air-quality-pm25-province-2024.json","note":"85/110 provinces have at least one EEA monitoring station within their territory (matched by nearest comune to each station's coordinates). No station-derived value for: AN, AP, AV, BA, BN, BR, BT, BZ, CS, CZ, FG, FM, IM, KR, LE, MC, MT, OG, OR, OT, PU, SP, TA, VS, VV — absent, not estimated from a neighbouring province."},{"slug":"era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024","label":"Average annual days above 30C (2015-2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":11.4,"unit":"days_per_year","source":"Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)","vintage":"2015–2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-22","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/era5-heat-days-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-heat-days-comune-2015-2024.json","note":"ERA5-Land's native grid is ~9km (0.1 degree) resolution — each comune's figure is the nearest grid cell to its centroid, so comuni closer together than ~9km can show an identical figure. Mountain microclimates (a valley floor vs. the ridge above it) narrower than one grid cell are not distinguishable at this resolution. ERA5-Land excludes ocean cells entirely (no reading, not a real zero), so 226 comuni whose nearest grid cell falls over open sea (mostly narrow coastal strips, e.g. the Ligurian Riviera) are assigned the nearest LAND cell instead — a real ERA5-Land reading, just from a cell slightly further away, rather than a dropped or fabricated figure. One comune (024129, the merged 'Castegnero Nanto') has no centroid in the spine and is absent here rather than estimated. 1 comune(s) — 084020 — are small/remote enough that no ERA5-Land land cell exists within reach; using a distant mainland cell instead would misrepresent their climate, so they are absent here too, not force-matched."},{"slug":"era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024","label":"Average annual days with measurable rain (2015-2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":122.6,"unit":"days_per_year","source":"Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)","vintage":"2015–2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-28","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/era5-rainy-days-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-rainy-days-comune-2015-2024.json","note":"ERA5-Land's native grid is ~9km (0.1 degree) resolution — each comune's figure is the nearest grid cell to its centroid, so comuni closer together than ~9km can show an identical figure. Mountain microclimates (a valley floor vs. the ridge above it) narrower than one grid cell are not distinguishable at this resolution. ERA5-Land excludes ocean cells entirely (no reading, not a real zero), so 226 comuni whose nearest grid cell falls over open sea (mostly narrow coastal strips, e.g. the Ligurian Riviera) are assigned the nearest LAND cell instead — a real ERA5-Land reading, just from a cell slightly further away, rather than a dropped or fabricated figure. One comune (024129, the merged 'Castegnero Nanto') has no centroid in the spine and is absent here rather than estimated. 1 comune(s) — 084020 — are small/remote enough that no ERA5-Land land cell exists within reach; using a distant mainland cell instead would misrepresent their climate, so they are absent here too, not force-matched."},{"slug":"era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024","label":"Average annual rainfall (2015-2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":1145.1,"unit":"mm_per_year","source":"Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)","vintage":"2015–2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-28","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/era5-rainfall-total-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-rainfall-total-comune-2015-2024.json","note":"ERA5-Land's native grid is ~9km (0.1 degree) resolution — each comune's figure is the nearest grid cell to its centroid, so comuni closer together than ~9km can show an identical figure. Mountain microclimates (a valley floor vs. the ridge above it) narrower than one grid cell are not distinguishable at this resolution. ERA5-Land excludes ocean cells entirely (no reading, not a real zero), so 226 comuni whose nearest grid cell falls over open sea (mostly narrow coastal strips, e.g. the Ligurian Riviera) are assigned the nearest LAND cell instead — a real ERA5-Land reading, just from a cell slightly further away, rather than a dropped or fabricated figure. One comune (024129, the merged 'Castegnero Nanto') has no centroid in the spine and is absent here rather than estimated. 1 comune(s) — 084020 — are small/remote enough that no ERA5-Land land cell exists within reach; using a distant mainland cell instead would misrepresent their climate, so they are absent here too, not force-matched."},{"slug":"era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024","label":"Average January daily minimum temperature (2015-2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":-0.5,"unit":"celsius","source":"Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)","vintage":"2015–2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-22","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/era5-winter-low-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-winter-low-comune-2015-2024.json","note":"ERA5-Land's native grid is ~9km (0.1 degree) resolution — each comune's figure is the nearest grid cell to its centroid, so comuni closer together than ~9km can show an identical figure. Mountain microclimates (a valley floor vs. the ridge above it) narrower than one grid cell are not distinguishable at this resolution. ERA5-Land excludes ocean cells entirely (no reading, not a real zero), so 226 comuni whose nearest grid cell falls over open sea (mostly narrow coastal strips, e.g. the Ligurian Riviera) are assigned the nearest LAND cell instead — a real ERA5-Land reading, just from a cell slightly further away, rather than a dropped or fabricated figure. One comune (024129, the merged 'Castegnero Nanto') has no centroid in the spine and is absent here rather than estimated. 1 comune(s) — 084020 — are small/remote enough that no ERA5-Land land cell exists within reach; using a distant mainland cell instead would misrepresent their climate, so they are absent here too, not force-matched."},{"slug":"era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024","label":"Average July daily maximum temperature (2015-2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":27.3,"unit":"celsius","source":"Copernicus Climate Data Store (ERA5-Land)","vintage":"2015–2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-22","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free, CC BY 4.0 attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/era5-summer-high-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/era5-summer-high-comune-2015-2024.json","note":"ERA5-Land's native grid is ~9km (0.1 degree) resolution — each comune's figure is the nearest grid cell to its centroid, so comuni closer together than ~9km can show an identical figure. Mountain microclimates (a valley floor vs. the ridge above it) narrower than one grid cell are not distinguishable at this resolution. ERA5-Land excludes ocean cells entirely (no reading, not a real zero), so 226 comuni whose nearest grid cell falls over open sea (mostly narrow coastal strips, e.g. the Ligurian Riviera) are assigned the nearest LAND cell instead — a real ERA5-Land reading, just from a cell slightly further away, rather than a dropped or fabricated figure. One comune (024129, the merged 'Castegnero Nanto') has no centroid in the spine and is absent here rather than estimated. 1 comune(s) — 084020 — are small/remote enough that no ERA5-Land land cell exists within reach; using a distant mainland cell instead would misrepresent their climate, so they are absent here too, not force-matched."},{"slug":"momentum-2019-2025","label":"Change in foreign share (2019–2025)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":0.909,"unit":"pct_point_change","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2019–2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7829,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/momentum?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/momentum-2019-2025.json"},{"slug":"citizenship-acquisitions-2024","label":"Citizenship acquisitions (2024)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":2954,"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":100,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/citizenship-acquisitions?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/citizenship-acquisitions-2024.json"},{"slug":"omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2","label":"Detached house purchase price by comune (2025H2)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":910,"unit":"eur_per_m2","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":6333,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/omi-house-purchase-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-house-purchase-comune-2025h2.json"},{"slug":"foreign-residents-total-2025","label":"Foreign residents, all citizenships","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":224,"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7874,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/foreign-residents-total?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-residents-total-2025.json"},{"slug":"healthcare-quality-district-region-2024","label":"Healthcare quality: community & district care by region (2024)","grain":"region","measuredFor":"Emilia-Romagna (region)","value":94,"unit":"points","source":"Ministero della Salute","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":19,"of":20},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/healthcare-quality-district-region?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-district-region-2024.json","note":"NSG-LEA scores Trentino-Alto Adige's two autonomous provinces — Bolzano and Trento — SEPARATELY rather than as one region, and they can score very differently (e.g. Prevenzione 2024: Bolzano 59, Trento 98). This map's region grain has one shared \"Trentino-Alto Adige\" label covering both provinces' comuni, so there is no honest single figure to show there — omitted here rather than averaged or standing one province's score in for the other's. 19/20 regions carry a real value."},{"slug":"healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024","label":"Healthcare quality: hospital care by region (2024)","grain":"region","measuredFor":"Emilia-Romagna (region)","value":91,"unit":"points","source":"Ministero della Salute","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":19,"of":20},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/healthcare-quality-hospital-region?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-hospital-region-2024.json","note":"NSG-LEA scores Trentino-Alto Adige's two autonomous provinces — Bolzano and Trento — SEPARATELY rather than as one region, and they can score very differently (e.g. Prevenzione 2024: Bolzano 59, Trento 98). This map's region grain has one shared \"Trentino-Alto Adige\" label covering both provinces' comuni, so there is no honest single figure to show there — omitted here rather than averaged or standing one province's score in for the other's. 19/20 regions carry a real value."},{"slug":"healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024","label":"Healthcare quality: prevention by region (2024)","grain":"region","measuredFor":"Emilia-Romagna (region)","value":97,"unit":"points","source":"Ministero della Salute","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":19,"of":20},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/healthcare-quality-prevention-region?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/healthcare-quality-prevention-region-2024.json","note":"NSG-LEA scores Trentino-Alto Adige's two autonomous provinces — Bolzano and Trento — SEPARATELY rather than as one region, and they can score very differently (e.g. Prevenzione 2024: Bolzano 59, Trento 98). This map's region grain has one shared \"Trentino-Alto Adige\" label covering both provinces' comuni, so there is no honest single figure to show there — omitted here rather than averaged or standing one province's score in for the other's. 19/20 regions carry a real value."},{"slug":"crime-burglary-rate-province-2024","label":"Home burglary rate by province (2024)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":309.5,"unit":"per_100k","source":"ISTAT — crime and public safety","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":106,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/crime-burglary-rate-province?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/crime-burglary-rate-province-2024.json","note":"4 of Italy's 110 provinces — Sulcis Iglesiente, Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna, Ogliastra and Medio Campidano, all reinstated by Sardinia's 2026-01-01 province reform — have no observation in ISTAT's own crime dataflow at any offence type: the series hasn't been restated onto Sardinia's current province boundaries yet. Absent here, not estimated from a neighbouring province or an older Sardinia scheme."},{"slug":"accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024","label":"Hotel share of tourist accommodation (2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":0.142,"unit":"share_0_1","source":"ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-29","coverage":{"in":6676,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-hotel-share-comune-2024.json","note":"Covers 7899 of Italy's ~7,900 comuni — unlike the seasonality-index/peak-visitor-multiplier layers from the same broader source, this capacity dataset carries no disclosure-confidentiality suppression at all: a comune with zero registered tourist accommodation gets a real row of zeros, not an absent one. A further 386 comuni are excluded because their ISTAT code in this source doesn't match a current comuni.json id — the same old-province-scheme Sardinia towns and pre-merger codes documented on the seasonality layers, plus several more (this file's coverage goes back to 2002, so it carries more stale codes) — excluded rather than guessed at. Hotel share is additionally undefined for 837 comuni with zero total registered beds (0/0 is not a real 0% or 100%)."},{"slug":"omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2","label":"House vs apartment price by comune (2025H2)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":1.245,"unit":"multiple","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":6064,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/omi-house-premium-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-house-premium-comune-2025h2.json"},{"slug":"age-vecchiaia-2019","label":"Indice di vecchiaia (2019)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":377.5,"unit":"index","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2019","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7892,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/age-vecchiaia?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/age-vecchiaia-2019.json"},{"slug":"age-median-2019","label":"Median age (2019)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":54,"unit":"years","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2019","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7893,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/age-median?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/age-median-2019.json"},{"slug":"foreign-registrations-flow-2025","label":"New foreign registrations from abroad","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":23,"unit":"count","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7894,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/foreign-registrations-flow?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/foreign-registrations-flow-2025.json"},{"slug":"seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024","label":"Peak-month visitors per resident (2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":0.01,"unit":"ratio_to_population","source":"ISTAT — tourist accommodation flow","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-28","coverage":{"in":2402,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/seasonality-peak-visitor-multiplier-comune-2024.json","note":"ISTAT discloses monthly tourist-accommodation arrivals/presenze for only 2470 of Italy's ~7,900 comuni — a comune with too few (or zero) registered accommodation establishments has no row at all, for statistical-confidentiality reasons the source states explicitly, not a gap this site introduced. This measures REGISTERED commercial tourist accommodation only — a comune whose seasonal population swing comes from private second homes rather than hotels/B&Bs will not show up here even if that swing is real. A further 68 disclosed comuni are excluded because their ISTAT code in this source doesn't match a current comuni.json id — mostly Sardinia towns (Alghero, Arzachena, Olbia, Porto Torres, Santa Teresa Gallura, Sassari and others) listed under an old province grouping this file hasn't updated, plus Castegnero's pre-merger code — excluded rather than guessed at, a real coverage gap worth noting for readers researching Sardinia specifically."},{"slug":"population-trend-2019-2025","label":"Population change (2019–2025)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":-3.31,"unit":"pct_change","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2019–2025","extractedOn":"2026-10-12","coverage":{"in":7893,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/population-trend?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/population-trend-2019-2025.json"},{"slug":"omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2","label":"Premium for refurbished housing by comune (2025H2)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":null,"unit":"multiple","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":2131,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/omi-refurbished-premium-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-refurbished-premium-comune-2025h2.json","reason":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI) publishes no figure for Bettola in this dataset."},{"slug":"crime-rate-province-2024","label":"Reported crime rate by province (2024)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":3540.1,"unit":"per_100k","source":"ISTAT — crime and public safety","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-25","coverage":{"in":106,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/crime-rate-province?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/crime-rate-province-2024.json","note":"4 of Italy's 110 provinces — Sulcis Iglesiente, Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna, Ogliastra and Medio Campidano, all reinstated by Sardinia's 2026-01-01 province reform — have no observation in ISTAT's own crime dataflow at any offence type: the series hasn't been restated onto Sardinia's current province boundaries yet. Absent here, not estimated from a neighbouring province or an older Sardinia scheme."},{"slug":"seasonality-index-comune-2024","label":"Tourism seasonality index (2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":0.884,"unit":"index_0_1","source":"ISTAT — tourist accommodation flow","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-28","coverage":{"in":2402,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/seasonality-index-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/seasonality-index-comune-2024.json","note":"ISTAT discloses monthly tourist-accommodation arrivals/presenze for only 2470 of Italy's ~7,900 comuni — a comune with too few (or zero) registered accommodation establishments has no row at all, for statistical-confidentiality reasons the source states explicitly, not a gap this site introduced. This measures REGISTERED commercial tourist accommodation only — a comune whose seasonal population swing comes from private second homes rather than hotels/B&Bs will not show up here even if that swing is real. A further 68 disclosed comuni are excluded because their ISTAT code in this source doesn't match a current comuni.json id — mostly Sardinia towns (Alghero, Arzachena, Olbia, Porto Torres, Santa Teresa Gallura, Sassari and others) listed under an old province grouping this file hasn't updated, plus Castegnero's pre-merger code — excluded rather than guessed at, a real coverage gap worth noting for readers researching Sardinia specifically."},{"slug":"accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024","label":"Tourist accommodation bed capacity (2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":155,"unit":"beds","source":"ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-29","coverage":{"in":7513,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/accommodation-capacity-beds-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-beds-comune-2024.json","note":"Covers 7899 of Italy's ~7,900 comuni — unlike the seasonality-index/peak-visitor-multiplier layers from the same broader source, this capacity dataset carries no disclosure-confidentiality suppression at all: a comune with zero registered tourist accommodation gets a real row of zeros, not an absent one. A further 386 comuni are excluded because their ISTAT code in this source doesn't match a current comuni.json id — the same old-province-scheme Sardinia towns and pre-merger codes documented on the seasonality layers, plus several more (this file's coverage goes back to 2002, so it carries more stale codes) — excluded rather than guessed at."},{"slug":"accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024","label":"Tourist beds per resident (2024)","grain":"comune","measuredFor":"Bettola","value":0.059,"unit":"beds_per_resident","source":"ISTAT — tourist accommodation capacity","vintage":"2024","extractedOn":"2026-09-29","coverage":{"in":7513,"of":7894},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/accommodation-capacity-beds-per-resident-comune-2024.json","note":"Covers 7899 of Italy's ~7,900 comuni — unlike the seasonality-index/peak-visitor-multiplier layers from the same broader source, this capacity dataset carries no disclosure-confidentiality suppression at all: a comune with zero registered tourist accommodation gets a real row of zeros, not an absent one. A further 386 comuni are excluded because their ISTAT code in this source doesn't match a current comuni.json id — the same old-province-scheme Sardinia towns and pre-merger codes documented on the seasonality layers, plus several more (this file's coverage goes back to 2002, so it carries more stale codes) — excluded rather than guessed at."},{"slug":"omi-price-to-rent-2025h2","label":"Years of rent to equal the purchase price by province (2025H2)","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","value":21.8,"unit":"years","source":"Agenzia delle Entrate — Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare (OMI)","vintage":"2025H2","extractedOn":"2026-09-12","coverage":{"in":110,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"Free · attribution (this site is a non-commercial blog)","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/map/italy/omi-price-to-rent?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","download":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/metrics/omi-price-to-rent-2025h2.json"}],"provinceWellbeing":{"value":[{"code":"04BEC001P","domain":"Economic well-being","label":"Average disposable income per capita","unit":"Euro","polarity":"high","value":23913.6,"year":2023,"percentile":76.4},{"code":"02IST002-N22","domain":"Education and training","label":"People with at least upper secondary education level (25-64 years old)","unit":"Percentage values","polarity":"high","value":68.3,"year":2024,"percentile":58.5},{"code":"10AMB001P","domain":"Environment","label":"PM10 Annual average concentration","unit":"Microgram per m3","polarity":"low","value":29,"year":2023,"percentile":27.9},{"code":"10AMB008","domain":"Environment","label":"Urban green","unit":"M2 per inhabitant","polarity":"high","value":28.4,"year":2023,"percentile":59.9},{"code":"10AMB016","domain":"Environment","label":"Electricity from renewable sources","unit":"Percentage values","polarity":"high","value":39.2,"year":2023,"percentile":60.4},{"code":"01SAL001","domain":"Health","label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"Average number of years","polarity":"high","value":83.8,"year":2024,"percentile":64.2},{"code":"09PAE002","domain":"Landscape and cultural heritage","label":"Density and importance of musems' heritage","unit":"Per 100 km2","polarity":"high","value":0.24,"year":2022,"percentile":23.1},{"code":"12SER002P","domain":"Quality of services","label":"Medical specialists","unit":"Per 10,000 inhabitants","polarity":"high","value":26.6,"year":2023,"percentile":39.2},{"code":"12SER020","domain":"Quality of services","label":"Overall Fixed Very High Capacity Network (VHCN) coverage","unit":"Percentage values","polarity":"high","value":73.5,"year":2024,"percentile":73.6},{"code":"12SER022","domain":"Quality of services","label":"Hospital beds in high-care wards","unit":"Per 10,000 inhabitants","polarity":"high","value":2.6,"year":2022,"percentile":39.2},{"code":"07SIC001P","domain":"Safety","label":"Intentional homicide rate","unit":"Per 100,000 inhabitants","polarity":"low","value":0.4,"year":2023,"percentile":78.6},{"code":"07SIC004P","domain":"Safety","label":"Burglaries reported","unit":"Per 100,000 inhabitants","polarity":"low","value":344.5,"year":2023,"percentile":15.2},{"code":"07SIC008P","domain":"Safety","label":"Road mortality in non-urban roads","unit":"Percentage values","polarity":"low","value":3.5,"year":2023,"percentile":60.8},{"code":"05REL008","domain":"Social relationships","label":"Nonprofit organizations","unit":"Per 10,000 inhabitants","polarity":"high","value":70.6,"year":2022,"percentile":67.9},{"code":"03LAV001-N22","domain":"Work and life balance","label":"Employment rate (20-64 years old)","unit":"Percentage values","polarity":"high","value":76.9,"year":2024,"percentile":92}],"unit":"per indicator (see each entry); percentile 0–100, higher is better","source":"ISTAT","vintage":"2022–2024","extractedOn":"2026-08-09","coverage":{"in":107,"of":110},"method":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/about-the-data","license":"CC BY 4.0 · attribution","grain":"province","measuredFor":"Piacenza (province)","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/bes?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral"},"articles":[],"attribution":{"publisher":"Expat Living Italy","url":"https://www.expatliving.it","page":"https://www.expatliving.it/data/comune/bettola?utm_source=ai-api&utm_medium=referral","citeAs":"Expat Living Italy, \"Bettola\" — https://www.expatliving.it/data/comune/bettola","request":"Free to use. Please credit \"Expat Living Italy (expatliving.it)\" and link the page the figures come from whenever you quote them."}}